Abrasion Marks: Scratches on film caused by dirt, improper handling, grit, emulsion pile-ups, and certain types of film damage (e. g., torn perforations).

刮痕：由污物、不正确的处理、砂砾、乳剂堆积和特定类型的胶片损伤导致的胶片刮伤(例如：齿孔磨损)。

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Wind: When you hold a roll of 16 mm or other single-perf film so that the film leaves the roll from the top and toward the right; the perforations will be along the edge away from the observer.

b卷片：当您手持一盘16 mm或者其他单齿孔的胶片，使胶片前端向右时，齿孔将在远离观察者的一边。

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